Devolution of authority over natural resource management is now well advanced for the mega-fauna in Zimbabwe, through the CAMPFIRE program. We ask whether models like CAMPFIRE can be applied to a broader spectrum of woodland resources. Problems in applying CAMPFIRE to woodland resources relate to a legal and policy framework that is not enabling to local management; weakened local institutional structures; a high degree of differentiation with respect to wood land resource use within communities; problems of defining resource user groups; and, the potentially low market value of woodland products. In identifying circumstances where CAMPFIRE may be applied successfully to woodland resources, economic, sociological, and ecological circumstances must be considered.
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