The development of a mathematical model of heating included a prediction of induced steel surface deformation and slag movement created by the arcs.A model predicting surface depression from an electric arc was developed. The predicted surface deformation agrees well with that given, if the thrust of the arc is assumed to equate the displaced weight by the arc. The radius/depth ratio of the parabolic depression in only valid for a stable arc. Since this ratio is likely to affect arc movement, the assumption that the displaced weight has a spherical shape was introduced. This assumption leads to smaller depths of the depression and also a much smaller difference between different currents and/or arc lengths. The assumption also results in a small change in depression size during a period for the AC current.
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