Gd2O3: Er3+/Yb3+ nanowires were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The upconversion luminescence was studied with 978-nm excitation. Ultraviolet and blue upconversion luminescence in which thermalization processes were involved, green and red upconversion luminescence were observed respectively. We analyzed the mechanism of upconversion luminescence. According to the ratio of H-2(11/2)-I-4(15/2) emission intensity to S-4(3/2)-I-4(15/2) emission intensity, the temperature of the sample exposed to radiation of 978-nm laser was given.
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