NA;Pathologic assessment of hepatitis C virus infection came of age in 1992 with demonstration of hepatitis C virus antigens in liver tissue by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase,in situhybridization, and polymerase chain reaction analysis for noncoding region sequences. Hepatitis C virushyphen;related light microscopic lesions included portal tract lymphoid aggregates, bile duct damage, and fatty change. Immunohistochemical demonstration of matrix proteins undulin and tenascin, as well as cell surface adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor receptors, expanded understanding of the hepatic immunologic milieu. An unusual form of severe posttransplantation liver failure associated with periportal fibrosis, cytopathic liver cell changes, and marked expression of hepatitis B virus surface and core antigens is calledfibrosing cholestatic hepatitisorfibrosing cytolytic liver failure. Several studies further refined the criteria for diagnosing macroregenerative nodules lpar;adenomatous hyperplasiarpar;. Immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen provides an index of ongoing cell division in archival liver specimens.Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1993,9colon;374hyphen;382
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