Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Etanercept is a recombinant soluble fusion protein of TNFα type II receptor and IgG, which acts as a specific TNF-α antagonist. Anti-TNF-α therapy has been an important advance in the treatment of RA. However, induction of autoantibodies in some proportion of patients treated with TNFα inhibitors raised concerns for development of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although new autoantibody formation is common with anti-TNFα therapy, there are only rare reports of overt SLE, most of which manifested without major organ involvement and resolved shortly after discontinuation of the therapy. We describe a 55-yr-old Korean woman who developed overt life threatening SLE complicated by pneumonia and tuberculosis following etanercept treatment for RA. This case is to our knowledge, the first report of etanercept-induced SLE in Korea.
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