A theoretical study was conducted to investigate the wettingbehavior of liquid meniscus on a vertical plate withthree-dimensional random characteristics of hetero- geneity androughness. The thermodynamic stable condition was derived by consid-ering the minimum of system free energy. The local stable conditionleads to a result similar to that obtained for a plate withtwo-dimensional characteristics, that is, the system has manymeta-stable states. For the stable condition of the whole system, arelation was derived between the macroscopically observed contactangle and the surface characteristics.
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