Ambient groundwater quality in the vicinity of landfill sites usually demonstrates areal and temporal variability. Groundwater quality in monitoring wells and piezometers down-gradient of fill areas is also variable. In order to compare regional background groundwater quality and groundwater quality at the compliance boundary, analysis of variance and tolerance interval calculations are recommended. In order to compare a fixed compliance limit with the observed concentration at the compliance boundary confidence intervals can be constructed. These statistical methods have been utilized for evaluating groundwater quality at the down-gradient boundary of a small municipal landfill site in southern Ontario.
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