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首页> 外文期刊>european journal of phycology >F-actin involvement in apical cell morphogenesis ofSphacelaria rigidula(Phaeophyceae): mutual alignment between cortical actin filaments and cellulose microfibrils
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F-actin involvement in apical cell morphogenesis ofSphacelaria rigidula(Phaeophyceae): mutual alignment between cortical actin filaments and cellulose microfibrils

机译：F-肌动蛋白参与Sphacelaria rigidula（Phaeophyceae）的顶端细胞形态发生：皮质肌动蛋白丝和纤维素微纤维之间的相互排列

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The polarized apical cells ofSphacelaria rigiduladisplay a well-organized cortical F-actin cytoskeleton. This consists of bundles of actin filaments (AFs), assuming definite patterns of organization in different regions of the cell cortex. At the tip region of the apical dome the AFs appear randomly oriented, showing a diffuse fluorescence. Immediately below, at the base of the apical hemisphere, the AFs form a ring-like band around the plasmalemma transverse to the polar cell axis. The rest of the cell cortex is traversed by AFs showing an axial or slightly inclined or helical orientation. Examination of the apical cells ofS. rigidulain appropriate thin sections revealed that the wall has a multi-layered structure. In the tip region of the apical dome the cell wall bears randomly oriented cellulose microfibrils (MFs), while in the basal part of the apical dome it is reinforced by a layer of densely arranged transverse MFs. As the cell grows at the apex, the transverse MFs are continuously displaced towards the cell base. Below the transverse MF layer, an additional layer with axial or slightly oblique MFs starts being depositing internally, on the tubular part of the cell. Externally to them, the layer of transversely oriented MFs remains visible. The above observations were confirmed in apical cells ofS. tribuloides.MF orientation in the innermost wall layer of the apical cells coincides with that of the cortical AFs observed by fluorescence. This mutual alignment between AFs and MFs in a cell that lacks cortical microtubules (MTs) suggests that the AFs are involved in the oriented deposition of MFs. Experimental disruption of AFs with cytochalasin B caused abnormal MF deposition, a fact strongly supporting the above hypothesis. The transverse MFs forming at the base of the apical dome define the diameter and consequently the cylindrical shape of the apical cells. It is suggested that in the brown algal cells examined the AFs play a morphogenetic role similar to that of cortical microtubules in higher plant cells.
机译：Sphacelaria rigidula的极化顶端细胞显示出组织良好的皮质F-肌动蛋白细胞骨架。它由肌动蛋白丝束 （AF） 组成，假设细胞皮层不同区域具有明确的组织模式。在顶端穹顶的尖端区域，AF呈随机定向，显示漫反射荧光。紧接着，在顶半球的底部，AF在血浆周围形成一个环状带，横向于极性细胞轴。细胞皮层的其余部分被AF穿过，显示出轴向或略微倾斜或螺旋方向。检查S的顶端细胞。刚性适当的薄截面表明，壁具有多层结构。在顶端穹顶的尖端区域，细胞壁具有随机取向的纤维素微纤维 （MF），而在顶端穹顶的基部，它由一层密集排列的横向 MF 增强。当细胞在顶点生长时，横向 MF 不断向细胞基部移动。在横向 MF 层下方，具有轴向或略微倾斜的 MF 的附加层开始在细胞的管状部分内部沉积。在它们的外部，横向的MF层仍然可见。上述观察结果在S的顶端细胞中得到证实。刺蒺藜。顶端细胞最内壁层的MF取向与通过荧光观察到的皮质AF的取向一致。在缺乏皮质微管 （MT） 的细胞中，AF 和 MF 之间的这种相互排列表明 AF 参与了 MF 的定向沉积。在顶端穹顶底部形成的横向MF定义了直径，从而定义了顶端细胞的圆柱形。有人认为，在所检查的褐藻细胞中，AFs起着类似于高等植物细胞中皮质微管的形态发生作用。

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