AbstractModel studies of the covalent binding of benzidine (4,4′‒diaminobiphenyl), a hazardous biphenyl amine, to humic acid have been carried out through kinetic and spectroscopic investigation of the reaction of benzidine with substituted quinones in aqueous solution. Benzidine reacts with quinones through a single‒phase second‒order mechanism involving addition of the amino group of benzidine to the C=O group of the quinone (imine formation) and the C=C bond in the quinone ring (1,4‒nucleophilic addition), respectively. The products do not show reversibility in water. Reactivity decreases with increase in substitution on the quinone rings. The results provide more understanding of the pathway by which aromatic amines could couple with quinonoid groups present in hu
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