The trend in recent years in high-frequency integrated circuits has been to push the operation to higher frequencies over millimeter-wave range; correspondingly, narrow pulses grow shorter to the femtosecond range, so that the associated frequency components become higher. In such a frequency range, new unexpected phenomena of wave propagation occur even on uniform length of printed-circuit lines, and cause significant problems in designing millimeter-wave integrated circuits and narrow-pulse circuits. We report here our recent discoveries relating to the mode-coupling effect in leakage and radiation phenomena on planar-circuit transmission lines. Such coupling effects have been investigated in detail by calculating the dispersion behavior and the vector-field distribution.
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