Railway systems have come again to be appreciated in terms of pollution-minimum characteristics, energetic efficiency, mass transportation capacity particularly in urban area and so on. Furthermore, the active management of railway systems has produced increase of their service level for customers, in particular after the privatization and division of JNR. Speed-up technology, so far has been focused, being accompanied with the development of several technologies like aerodynamics, environment-friendly method, friction increase between wheel and rail and car weight deduction. On the other hand, the maintenance of railway infrastructures, so to speak civil engineering structures, should be naturally noted as one of the most important factors to keep the train operation in stable condition, and as a matter of course speed-up will often ask the execution of repair and reinforcement works after examining car-structure interaction.It is not exaggerated to say that success or failure of railway management may depend on the development in the maintenance technology, considering large amount of existing structures. Maintenance of structures is just on the new stage that will request more extensive international collaboration.
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