With the drive to optimize the design of billetmolds and establish standard operating practices, significantimprovements in billet quality have been achieved in the last twodecades.As this trend continues, the role of process upsets (orunsteady-state events) in the mold, such as metal levelfluctuations and/or poor maintenance, are assuming increasingimportance, relative to caster design and operation, in thegeneration of quality problems.
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