Japan is one of the countries which have the most developed railway system in the world. The Japanese railway system is often characterized by punctuality, mass transportation with very short headway, and a high speed rail "Shinkansen with the line length over two thousand kilometers. The Japanese railway system has already completed and matured. However, many research and development projects for the next generation railway system have been also carried on. One of the keywords of the next railway system is "energy-saving' for the sustainability. Although the energy consumption of the electric railway is not so large comparing that of other transportation, the more and more efficient system will be pursued.
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