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首页> 外文期刊>Briefings in functional genomics & proteomics >Genome evolution in Caenorhabditis
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Genome evolution in Caenorhabditis

机译：秀丽隐杆线虫的基因组进化

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摘要

Since the completion of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequence 10 years ago, efforts of the large community of C. elegans geneticists have resulted in a high-quality annotation of the structures and sequence relatedness of nearly all the protein encoding and RNA genes. Based on increasingly accurate gene counts in other species, it now appears that C. elegans has more functional genes than most insects and approximately the same number as most mammals. In the last few years, draft genome sequences for several other nematodes have been published (C. briggsae and Brugia malayi) or publicly released (C. remanei, C. brenneri, C. japonica, Pristionchus pacificus, Trichinella spiralis and Haemonchus contortus). Comparisons of gene content within the phylum and to other phyla reveal complex patterns of genome evolution. These patterns include substantial numbers of genes conserved across all the major metazoan phyla (core metazoan genes) and many nematode-specific genes and gene families. Nematode-specific genes are located predominantly on autosomal arms, which also have higher recombination rates. It appears that evolutionary innovations occur mostly in these regions, probably facilitated by higher recombination. Few of these genes have gross phenotypes when knocked down by RNAi, suggesting that many of them function in specific aspects of nematode biology that were not tested, including chemosensation, pathogen response and xenobiotic detoxification.
机译：自从秀丽隐杆线虫基因组序列于10年前完成以来，秀丽隐杆线虫的大型社区的努力已导致几乎所有蛋白质编码和RNA基因的结构和序列相关性得到高质量的注释。基于其他物种中越来越精确的基因计数，现在秀丽隐杆线虫似乎比大多数昆虫具有更多的功能基因，并且与大多数哺乳动物的数目大致相同。在过去的几年中，其他几种线虫的基因组序列草案已经出版（C. briggsae和Brugia malayi）或公开发布（C. remanei，C。brenneri，C。japonica，Pristionchus pacificus，Trichinella spiralis和Haemonchus contortus）。门内和其他门内基因含量的比较揭示了基因组进化的复杂模式。这些模式包括在所有主要后生动物门（核心后生动物基因）以及许多线虫特异性基因和基因家族中保守的大量基因。线虫特异性基因主要位于常染色体上，其重组率也更高。看来，进化创新主要发生在这些地区，可能是由于更高的重组所推动。当被RNAi击倒时，这些基因中很少有总体表型，这表明它们中的许多在未测试的线虫生物学的特定方面起作用，包括化学敏感，病原体反应和异种生物解毒。

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