ThePinus mugocomplex is revised, and a new infraspecific classification of the species is proposed. The species is divided into two subspecies and an intermediate nothossp., viz. ssp.mugo, ssp.uncinataand nothossp.rotundata. P. mugossp.mugois divided into f.mugoand f.applanatacomb, et stat. nov. (P. pumilio) andP. mugonothossp.rotundataintof. rotundataandf, mughioidescomb. nov. The putative hybridP. mugo × sylvestrisfound in mixed stands of the parents is namedP. × rhaetica. A description ofP. sylvestrisand a key toP. mugo, P. sylvestrisandP. × rhaeticais giv
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