AbstractSince starfish spermatozoa have spherical heads, it is not easy to determine the topographical relationship of the axoneme to the directions of the flagellar bends, the principal, and the reverse bends as defined by Gibbons and Gibbons J. Cell. Biol. 1972, 63:970–985. The demembranated spermatozoa are known to take the quiescent “cane” shape with a sharp principal bend at the proximal region of the flagellum in the presence of high concentration of Ca2+. When such spermatozoa were placed on a grid for electron microscopy, fixed with osmic acid vapor, washed with distilled water, and negatively stained with urany1 acetate, the head of the spermatozoon was disrupted and dispersed disclosing the proximal centriole at at the proximal end of the flagellum. The proximal centriole was always found on the concave side of the “cane” ‐shaped flagella. Electron microscopy of the serial thin sections of intact and demembranated spermatozoa revealed that the doublet microtobules numbers 5 and 6 were contained in the convex edge of the pri
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