ABSTRACT—The biological significance of antibody reactivities towards the preS2 gene encoded proteins of HBV is not yet well known. We investigated the pretreatment IgM anti‐preS2 (1–55)adreactivity in 22 Chinese and 11 Swedish patients with active HBV disease. Significantly enhanced IgM anti‐preS2 levels (titers>1/1000) were observed in 48 (16/33) of these patients. The OD405values for sera from patients with indolent HBsAg carriership were within the range of that obtained for “normal” control‐sera when tested at dilutions from 1/1000 to 1/128000. Five Chinese patients were treated with a short course of corticosteroids, followed by alpha‐interferon 2b (IFN‐α2b) treatment for 16 weeks. The IgM anti‐preS2 response was consecutively monitored during treatment. A beneficial effect on the outcome of the combined treatment was associated with rising titers of IgM anti‐preS2 during the prednisolone cycle. The IgM anti‐preS2 levels fell dramatically upon steroid withdrawal and were followed by a second peak response of IgM anti‐preS2 reactivity during the IFN‐α2b treatment. No sustained loss of HBV‐DNA or DNA polymerase with concomitant HBe/anti‐HBe seroconversion was observed in treated patients, who lacked detectable pretreatment levels
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