Marine and terrestrial proxy records suggest global cooling during the Late Holocene, following the peak warming of the Holocene Thermal Maximum (~10 to 6 ka) until the rapid warming induced by increasing anthropogenic greenhouses gases. However, the physical mechanism responsible for this global cooling has remained elusive. Here (pp. E3501–E3505), we show that climate models simulate a robust global annual mean warming in the Holocene,mainly in response to rising CO_2 and the retreat of ice sheets. This model-data inconsistency demands a critical reexamination of both proxy data and models.
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