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>The effect of hosptlant and parasitoids on the reproductive success of the parthenogenetic gall waspDiplolepis rosae(Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
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The effect of hosptlant and parasitoids on the reproductive success of the parthenogenetic gall waspDiplolepis rosae(Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
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机译：The effect of hosptlant and parasitoids on the reproductive success of the parthenogenetic gall waspDiplolepis rosae(Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
The univoltine cynipid gall waspDiplolepis rosaereproduces by an obligate homozygosity promoting system known as gamete duplication. The wasp is confined to roses (Rosaspp) on which it induces large, complex and multichambered galls. In southern Sweden,D. rosaewas found to parasitizeRosa canina, R. dumalis, R. rubiginosa, R. villosa, R. sherardiandR. rubrifolia, but notR. majalisandR. rugosa. The distribution of galls shows that there are differences in the relation between wasp and hosplant with respect both to species and individual plants. There is a positive correlation between wasp size and gall (clutch) size. Parasitoid pressure was found to be high, causingD. rosaean estimated average larval loss of approximately 75, mainly due to the attack of the ichneumonid waspOrthopelma mediator. The very common cynipid inquilinePericlistus brandtiidoes not seem to have any negative effects. Overall parasitism and probability of no hatched offspring per gall decrease with increasing gall (clutch) size. The probability of loosing all of a given number of offspring decreases with the number of galls produced. It is suggested thatD. rosae, in order to escape parasitoids, needs high ability to establish new colonies. Hence the production of many comparatively small galls, which increases the chance of leaving any offspring, rather than the production of few large galls, maximizing the number of offspring, should be favoured by selection.
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