Horizontal cells expressing melanopsin x are novel photoreceptors in the avian inner retina

Morera Luis P.; Diaz Nicolas M.; Guido Mario E.

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Horizontal cells expressing melanopsin x are novel photoreceptors in the avian inner retina

机译：Horizontal cells expressing melanopsin x are novel photoreceptors in the avian inner retina

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In the vertebrate retina, three types of photoreceptors-visual photoreceptor cones and rods and the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)-converged through evolution to detect light and regulate image- and nonimage-forming activities such as photic entrainment of circadian rhythms, pupillary light reflexes, etc. ipRGCs express the nonvisual photopigment melanopsin (OPN4), encoded by two genes: the Xenopus (Opn4x) and mammalian (Opn4m) orthologs. In the chicken retina, both OPN4 proteins are found in ipRGCs, and Opn4x is also present in retinal horizontal cells (HCs), which connect with visual photoreceptors. Here we investigate the intrinsic photosensitivity and functioning of HCs from primary cultures of embryonic retinas at day 15 by using calcium fluorescent fluo4 imaging, pharmacological inhibitory treatments, and Opn4x knockdown. Results show that HCs are avian photoreceptors with a retinal-based OPN4X photopigment conferring intrinsic photosensitivity. Light responses in HCs appear to be driven through an ancient type of phototransduction cascade similar to that in rhabdomeric photoreceptors involving a G-protein q, the activation of phospholipase C, calcium mobilization, and the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Based on their intrinsic photosensitivity, HCs may have a key dual function in the retina of vertebrates, potentially regulating nonvisual tasks together with their sister cells, ipRGCs, and with visual photoreceptors, modulating lateral interactions and retinal processing.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.》 |2016年第46期|13215-13220|共6页
作者
Morera Luis P.; Diaz Nicolas M.; Guido Mario E.;
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作者单位

Univ Nacl Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Quim, Dept Quim Biol, Ctr Invest Quim Biol Cordoba,Consejo Nacl Invest, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
retina; light responses; horizontal cell; phototransduction; melanopsin;

Horizontal cells expressing melanopsin x are novel photoreceptors in the avian inner retina

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