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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Constraints on the magnitude and rate of CO_2 dissolution at Bravo Dome natural gas field
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Constraints on the magnitude and rate of CO_2 dissolution at Bravo Dome natural gas field

机译：Constraints on the magnitude and rate of CO_2 dissolution at Bravo Dome natural gas field

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摘要

The injection of carbon dioxide (CO_2) captured at large point sources into deep saline aquifers can significantly reduce anthropogenic CO_2 emissions from fossil fuels. Dissolution of the injected CO_2 into the formation brine is a trapping mechanism that helps to ensure the long-term security of geological CO_2 storage. We use thermochronology to estimate the timing of CO_2 emplacement at Bravo Dome, a large natural CO_2 field at a depth of 700 m in New Mexico. Together with estimates of the total mass loss from the field we present, to our knowledge, the first constraints on the magnitude, mechanisms, and rates of CO_2 dissolution on millennial timescales. Apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology records heating of the Bravo Dome reservoir due to the emplacement of hot volcanic gases 1.2–1.5 Ma. The CO_2 accumulation is therefore significantly older than previous estimates of 10 ka, which demonstrates that safe long-term geological CO_2 storage is possible. Integrating geophysical and geochemical data, we estimate that 1.3 Gt CO_2 are currently stored at Bravo Dome, but that only 22 of the emplaced CO_2 has dissolved into the brine over 1.2 My. Roughly 40 of the dissolution occurred during the emplacement. The CO_2 dissolved after emplacement exceeds the amount expected from diffusion and provides field evidence for convective dissolution with a rate of 0.1 g/(m~2y). The similarity between Bravo Dome and major US saline aquifers suggests that significant amounts of CO_2 are likely to dissolve during injection at US storage sites, but that convective dissolution is unlikely to trap all injected CO_2 on the 10-ky timescale typically considered for storage projects.

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