The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe

Daniela Weber; Vegard Skirbekk; Inga FreundAgneta Herlitz

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The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe

机译：The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe

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Cognitive gender differences and the reasons for their origins have fascinated researchers for decades. Using nationally representative data to investigate gender differences in cognitive performance in middle-aged and older populations across Europe, we show that the magnitude of these differences varies systematically across cognitive tasks, birth cohorts, and regions, but also that the living conditions and educational opportunities individuals are exposed to during their formative years are related to their later cognitive performance. Specifically, we demonstrate that improved living conditions and less gender-restricted educational opportunities are associated with increased gender differences favoring women in some cognitive functions (i.e., episodic memory) and decreases (i.e., numeracy) or elimination of differences in other cognitive abilities (i.e., category fluency). Our results suggest that these changes take place due to a general increase in women's cognitive performance over time, associated with societal improvements in living conditions and educational opportunities.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 |2014年第32期|11673-11678|共6页
作者
Daniela Weber; Vegard Skirbekk; Inga FreundAgneta Herlitz;
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作者单位

Section of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;

World Population Program, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria;

Research Unit Economics, Institute of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
cognitive aging; gender inequality; sex differences; cross-cultural research;

The changing face of cognitive gender differences in Europe

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