A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya

Hildebrand Elisabeth A.; Grillo Katherine M.; Sawchuk Elizabeth A.Pfeiffer Susan K.Conyers Lawrence B.Goldstein Steven T.Hill Austin ChadJanzen AnnekeKlehm Carla E.Helper MarkKiura PurityNdiema EmmanuelNgugi CeciliaShea John J.Wang Hong

首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. >A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya

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A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya

机译：A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya

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Monumental architecture is a prime indicator of social complexity, because it requires many people to build a conspicuous structure commemorating shared beliefs. Examining monumentality in different environmental and economic settings can reveal diverse reasons for people to form larger social units and express unity through architectural display. In multiple areas of Africa, monumentality developed as mobile herders created large cemeteries and practiced other forms of commemoration. The motives for such behavior in sparsely populated, unpredictable landscapes may differ from well-studied cases of monumentality in predictable environments with sedentary populations. Here we report excavations and ground-penetrating radar surveys at the earliest and most massive monumental site in eastern Africa. Lothagam North Pillar Site was a communal cemetery near Lake Turkana (northwest Kenya) constructed 5,000 years ago by eastern Africa's earliest pastoralists. Inside a platform ringed by boulders, a 119.5-m(2) mortuary cavity accommodated an estimated minimum of 580 individuals. People of diverse ages and both sexes were buried, and ornaments accompanied most individuals. There is no evidence for social stratification. The uncertainties of living on a "moving frontier" of early herding-exacerbated by dramatic environmental shifts-may have spurred people to strengthen social networks that could provide information and assistance. Lothagam North Pillar Site would have served as both an arena for interaction and a tangible reminder of shared identity.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.》 |2018年第36期|8942-8947|共6页
作者
Hildebrand Elisabeth A.; Grillo Katherine M.; Sawchuk Elizabeth A.Pfeiffer Susan K.Conyers Lawrence B.Goldstein Steven T.Hill Austin ChadJanzen AnnekeKlehm Carla E.Helper MarkKiura PurityNdiema EmmanuelNgugi CeciliaShea John J.Wang Hong;
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作者单位

SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA;

Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA;

Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USAUniv Toronto, Dept Anthropol, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, CanadaUniv Denver, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80208 USAMax Planck Inst Sci Human Hist, Dept Archaeol, D-07745 Jena, GermanyDartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USAUniv Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Boulder, CO 80309 USAUniv Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USANatl Museums Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
monumentality; pastoralism; Africa; Holocene; early food production;

A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya

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