Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales

Zimmermann E.A.; Schaible E.; Bale H.Barth H.D.Tang S.Y.Reichert P.Busse B.Alliston T.Ager III J.W.Ritchie R.O.

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Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales

机译：Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales

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The structure of human cortical bone evolves over multiple length scales from its basic constituents of collagen and hydroxyapatite at the nanoscale to osteonal structures at near-millimeter dimensions, which all provide the basis for its mechanical properties. To resistfracture, bone's toughness is derived intrinsically through plasticity (e.g., fibrillar sliding) at structural scales typically below a micrometer and extrinsically (i.e., during crack growth) through mechanisms (e.g., crack deflection/bridging) generated at larger structuralscales. Biological factors such as aging lead to a markedly increased fracture risk, which is often associated with an age-related loss in bone mass (bone quantity). However, we find that age-related structural changes can significantly degrade the fracture resistance(bone quality) over multiple length scales. Using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction to characterize submicrometer structural changes and synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and in situ fracture-toughness measurements in the scanning electron microscope to characterize effects at micrometerscales, we show how these age-related structural changes at differing size scales degrade both the intrinsic and extrinsic toughness of bone. Specifically, we attribute the loss in toughness to increased nonenzymatic collagen cross-linking, which suppresses plasticity at nanoscale dimensions, and to an increased osteonal density, which limits the potency of crack-bridging mechanisms at micrometer scales. The link between these processes is that the increasedstiffness of the cross-linked collagen requires energy to be absorbedby "plastic" deformation at higher structural levels, which occurs by the process of microcracking.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 |2011年第35期|14416-14421|共6页
作者
Zimmermann E.A.; Schaible E.; Bale H.Barth H.D.Tang S.Y.Reichert P.Busse B.Alliston T.Ager III J.W.Ritchie R.O.;
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作者单位

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States;

Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States;

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
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Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales

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