Reconstructing early 17th century estuarine drought conditions from Jamestown oysters

Harding J.M.; Spero H.J.; Manna R.Herbert G.S.Sliko J.L.

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Reconstructing early 17th century estuarine drought conditions from Jamestown oysters

机译：Reconstructing early 17th century estuarine drought conditions from Jamestown oysters

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Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were a central component of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem in 1607 when European settlers established Jamestown, VA, the first permanent English settlement in North America. These estuarine bivalves were an important food resource during the early years of the James Fort (Jamestown) settlement while the colonistswere struggling to survive in the face of inadequate supplies and a severe regional drought. Although oyster shells were discarded as trash after the oysters were eaten, the environmental and ecological data recorded in the bivalve geochemistry during shell deposition remain intact over centuries, thereby providing a unique window into conditions during the earliest Jamestown years. We compare oxygen isotope data from these 17th century oyster shells with modern shells to quantify and contrast estuarine salinity, season of oyster collection, and shell provenance during Jamestown colonization (1609-1616) and the 21st century. Data show that oysters were collected during an extended drought between fall 1611 and summer 1612. The drought shifted the 14 psu isohaline above Jamestown Island, facilitating individual oyster growth and extension of oyster habitat upriver toward the colony, thereby enhancing local oyster food resources. Data from distinct well layers suggest that the colonists also obtained oysters from reefs near Chesapeake Bay to augment oyster resources near Jamestown Island. The oyster shell season of harvest reconstructions suggest that these data come from either a 1611 well with a very short useful period or an undocumented older well abandoned by late 1611.

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 |2010年第23期|10549-10554|共6页
作者
Harding J.M.; Spero H.J.; Manna R.Herbert G.S.Sliko J.L.;
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作者单位

Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, United States;

Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States;

Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
Chesapeake bay; Crassostrea virginica; Environmental reconstruction; Oxygen isotope; Scleroarchaeology;

Reconstructing early 17th century estuarine drought conditions from Jamestown oysters

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