Continued emissions of carbon tetrachloride from the United States nearly two decades after its phaseout for dispersive uses

Hu Lei; Montzka Stephen A.; Miller Ben R.Andrews Arlyn E.Miller John B.Lehman Scott J.Sweeney ColmMiller Scot M.Thoning KirkSiso CarolinaAtlas Elliot L.Blake Donald R.de Gouw JoostGilman Jessica B.Dutton GeoffElkins James W.Hall BradleyChen HuilinFischer Marc L.Mountain Marikate E.Nehrkorn ThomasBiraud Sebastien C.Moore Fred L.Tans Pieter

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Continued emissions of carbon tetrachloride from the United States nearly two decades after its phaseout for dispersive uses

机译：Continued emissions of carbon tetrachloride from the United States nearly two decades after its phaseout for dispersive uses

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National-scale emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are derived based on inverse modeling of atmospheric observations at multiple sites across the United States from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's flask air sampling network. We estimate an annual average US emission of 4.0 (2.0-6.5) Gg CCl4 y(-1) during 2008-2012, which is almost two orders of magnitude larger than reported to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) (mean of 0.06 Gg y(-1)) but only 8 (3-22) of global CCl4 emissions during these years. Emissive regions identified by the observations and consistently shown in all inversion results include the Gulf Coast states, the San Francisco Bay Area in California, and the Denver area in Colorado. Both the observation-derived emissions and the US EPA TRI identified Texas and Louisiana as the largest contributors, accounting for one-to two-thirds of the US national total CCl4 emission during 2008-2012. These results are qualitatively consistent with multiple aircraft and ship surveys conducted in earlier years, which suggested significant enhancements in atmospheric mole fractions measured near Houston and surrounding areas. Furthermore, the emission distribution derived for CCl4 throughout the United States is more consistent with the distribution of industrial activities included in the TRI than with the distribution of other potential CCl4 sources such as uncapped landfills or activities related to population density (e.g., use of chlorine-containing bleach).

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《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 |2016年第11期|2880-2885|共6页
作者
Hu Lei; Montzka Stephen A.; Miller Ben R.Andrews Arlyn E.Miller John B.Lehman Scott J.Sweeney ColmMiller Scot M.Thoning KirkSiso CarolinaAtlas Elliot L.Blake Donald R.de Gouw JoostGilman Jessica B.Dutton GeoffElkins James W.Hall BradleyChen HuilinFischer Marc L.Mountain Marikate E.Nehrkorn ThomasBiraud Sebastien C.Moore Fred L.Tans Pieter;
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作者单位

Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA;

NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA;

Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USAAtmospher & Environm Res, Lexington, MA 02421 USAUniv Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USAUniv Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USAStanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USAUniv Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USAUniv Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种英语
中图分类自然科学总论;
关键词
carbon tetrachloride; emissions; United States; ozone-depleting substances; greenhouse gases;

Continued emissions of carbon tetrachloride from the United States nearly two decades after its phaseout for dispersive uses

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