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The relationship between water level fluctuation and distribution of emergent aquatic macrophytes in large, mildly regulated lakes in the Finnish Lake District

机译:The relationship between water level fluctuation and distribution of emergent aquatic macrophytes in large, mildly regulated lakes in the Finnish Lake District

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摘要

Many emergent aquatic macrophytes have a wide distribution over large areas of the world (SCULTHOR-PE 1967). Of these, helophyte species usually form the most notable part of lake vegetation and the zona-tion of the littoral (LOHAMMAR 1965). In the northern European countries, a large proportion of the total lake area is regulated, mainly for hydropower production purposes, and this determines ecological conditions of the lake vegetation (NILSSON 1981, RORSLETT 1988, HELLSTEN et al. 1996). The vegetation is distributed into zones along the summer water level on a specific shore based on several environmental properties, such as exposure, substratum, light attenuation and life form (QUENNERSTEDT 1958, HEJNY 1971, MAEKIRINTA 1978). In regulated lakes the effects of water level regulation are complicated, vary from lake to lake and are always dependent on frequency, amplitude and the water level in certain time sequences (HEJNY 1971, RORSLETT 1984). Earlier studies have shown the connection between water level fluctuation and the vertical zones of helophyte vegetation (HELLSTEN 2001). This relationship has led to a number of applications used in hydropower assessment studies in Finland (HELLSTEN et al. 2002a). Despite wide use of this model, verification with historical data has not been applied, and species-specific responses to water level fluctuation have been shown only vertically. The present study aims to combine the modeled vertical changes of the most frequent helophytes, Phragmites australis, Equise-tum fluviatile and Carex sp., with the observed changes of their cover areas by using comparisons with aerial photos over a period of approximately 50 years.

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