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AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO LAND DRAINAGE

机译：土地流失的综合方法

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It is common to define drainage as a means to enhance crop production and increase productivity. In order to meet this objective, drainage systems are designed and managed to maintain favourable moisture and salt conditions in the root zone. Examplesfrom around the world show that drainage has done well to achieve this objective. However, lessons show that many impacts of drainage, positive and negative, have been overlooked, including those on health, built-up settlements and infrastructure, floodmanagement, groundwater recharge, sanitation, surface and groundwater quality, fisheries and aquatic life, and the environment in general. Thus, the single-objective approach takes drainage out of the broader context of land and water management and diminishes the overall gains of improved drainage and ignores its full cost. It does also not allow the stakeholders from outside the farming community to be involved in the decision-making leading to conflict of interests. It also misses an important opportunity for increasing the financing potential. A better understanding of drainage as a practice for managing the multiple functions of land and water resources is needed in order to achieve an optimal mix of economic and social gains, sustainable naturalresources management and a healthy environment. This would only be possible when an interdisciplinary and integrated approach is followed in planning and managing land drainage. The approach, called DRAINFRAME, is a framework for analysis, communication,discussion, and decision-making by all stakeholders. It looks at the overall social, economic, and environmental productivity of the entire water management system, of which drainage is an integral part. It allows comprehensive analysis and assessment of basin-wide social and economic impacts of drainage following a participatory planning approach. Although the methodology was developed from a drainage perspective, it is geared towards natural resources management planning in general. It can be equallyused in planning irrigation, flood control or watershed management projects. The DRAINFRAME approach was applied in planning some new World Bank-supported projects in Egypt and Pakistan with the objective of promoting the concept of integrated water resources management.
机译：通常将排水定义为提高作物产量和提高生产力的一种手段。为了达到这个目的，设计并管理排水系统，以在根部区域保持有利的水分和盐分条件。来自世界各地的例子表明，排水已经很好地实现了这一目标。但是，经验教训表明，排水的许多正面和负面影响都被忽略了，包括对健康，堆积定居点和基础设施，洪水管理，地下水补给，卫生，地表和地下水水质，渔业和水生生物以及环境的影响。一般来说。因此，单目标方法将排水从土地和水管理的更广泛背景中排除，减少了改善排水的总体收益，而忽略了其全部成本。它还不允许来自农业社区外部的利益相关者参与导致利益冲突的决策。它还错过了增加融资潜力的重要机会。为了实现经济和社会收益，可持续自然资源管理和健康环境的最佳组合，需要更好地了解排水作为管理土地和水资源的多种功能的一种做法。只有在规划和管理土地排水方面采用跨学科和综合的方法时，这才有可能。该方法称为DRAINFRAME，是所有利益相关者进行分析，沟通，讨论和决策的框架。它着眼于整个水管理系统的整体社会，经济和环境生产力，其中排水是不可或缺的一部分。它可以按照参与式规划方法，对流域范围内的整个流域的社会和经济影响进行综合分析和评估。尽管该方法是从排水的角度开发的，但总体上适用于自然资源管理规划。它可以平等地用于规划灌溉，防洪或流域管理项目。 DRAINFRAME方法被用于计划世界银行在埃及和巴基斯坦支持的一些新项目，目的是促进水资源综合管理的概念。

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