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MODERATO: an object-oriented decision tool for designing maize irrigation schedules

机译：MODERATO：用于设计玉米灌溉计划的面向对象的决策工具

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The rapidly changing economic, technical and regulatory context of irrigated agriculture, coupled with seasonal variation in precipitation, presents a problem for irrigation management, especially in sub-humid regions. During years of drought, frequent irrigation bans may be applied and shortage of water for crops becomes a critical problem. Simulation models offer the opportunity to optimise production strategies, such as optimal irrigation scheduling. But few biophysical models are designed for decision making. MODERATO is a management oriented cropping system model developed for use at a strategic level by irrigation advisors confronted with the question: 'How to irrigate maize with a limited amount of irrigation water?'. It includes the main constraints specifically related to irrigation (work time, available amount of water, flow rate, blackout days), simulates the plant-soil system with a dynamic biophysical model (parametrized on a large database) and takes into account within-field variability that results from sequentially irrigating the plots in a block of irrigation. Five elementary irrigation rules are distinguished: (1) a rule to irrigate to facilitate plant emergence; (2) a rule to decide when to start the main irrigation period; (3) a rule to determine when to start a new irrigation cycle; (4) a rule to decide when to stop irrigation; and (5) a rule to delay irrigation due to weather conditions. The elementary rules consist of two boolean conditions which depends respectively on development stage and soil water availability. The details of the rules are input using a graphic user interface. The dynamic biophysical model is based on the well-known interception-conversion process. The model outputs allow one to analyse the consequences of the decision rules for various climatic series and context. MODERATO is the result of 3 years of collaborative research between scientists and irrigation advisors and has been used to calculate optimized starting and ending rules for irrigation on a specific pedoclimate. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 61]
机译：灌溉农业的快速变化的经济，技术和法规环境，加上降水的季节性变化，给灌溉管理带来了问题，特别是在半湿润地区。在多年干旱期间，可能会实行频繁的灌溉禁令，而作物缺水成为一个关键问题。仿真模型为优化生产策略（例如最佳灌溉计划）提供了机会。但是很少有用于决策的生物物理模型。 MODERATO是一种面向管理的种植系统模型，由灌溉顾问开发，用于战略层面，其面临的问题是：“如何用有限的灌溉水灌溉玉米？”。它包括与灌溉特别相关的主要限制因素（工作时间，可用水量，流量，停电天数），使用动态生物物理模型（在大型数据库中进行参数化）模拟植物-土壤系统，并考虑了田间环境在灌溉块中顺序灌溉地块导致的可变性。区分了五个基本灌溉规则：（1）灌溉规则以促进植物出苗; （2）决定何时开始主灌期的规则; （3）确定何时开始新的灌溉周期的规则; （4）决定何时停止灌溉的规则; （5）因天气原因推迟灌溉的规定。基本规则由两个布尔条件组成，分别取决于发育阶段和土壤水的可用性。使用图形用户界面输入规则的详细信息。动态生物物理模型是基于众所周知的拦截转化过程。通过模型输出，可以分析决策规则对各种气候系列和环境的影响。 MODERATO是科学家和灌溉顾问经过3年合作研究的结果，已被用于计算特定pedoclimate上灌溉的最佳开始和结束规则。 （C）2001 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。 [参考：61]

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