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Animal models for diabetes: Understanding the pathogenesis and finding new treatments

机译：糖尿病动物模型：了解发病机制并寻找新疗法

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摘要

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong, metabolic disease that is characterised by an inability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. There are several different forms of diabetes, however the two most common are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and a subsequent lack of insulin production, whilst Type 2 diabetes is due to a combination of both insulin resistance and an inability of the beta cells to compensate adequately with increased insulin release. Animal models are increasingly being used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes as well as to identify and refine novel treatments. However, a wide range of different animal models are currently in use. The majority of these models are suited to addressing certain specific aspects of diabetes research, but may be of little use in other studies. All have pros and cons, and selecting an appropriate model for addressing a specific question is not always a trivial task and will influence the study results and their interpretation. Thus, as the number of available animal models increases it is important to consider the potential roles of these models in the many different aspects of diabetes research. This review gathers information on the currently used experimental animal models of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages for research purposes and details the factors that should be taken into account in their use. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：糖尿病是一种终生的代谢性疾病，其特征是无法维持正常的葡萄糖稳态。糖尿病有几种不同形式，但最常见的两种是 1 型和 2 型糖尿病。1 型糖尿病是由胰腺 β 细胞的自身免疫性破坏和随后缺乏胰岛素产生引起的，而 2 型糖尿病是由于胰岛素抵抗和 β 细胞无法充分补偿胰岛素释放增加而引起的。动物模型越来越多地被用于阐明 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的潜在机制，以及识别和改进新的治疗方法。然而，目前有各种不同的动物模型在使用中。这些模型中的大多数都适用于解决糖尿病研究的某些特定方面，但在其他研究中可能用处不大。所有这些都有利有弊，选择合适的模型来解决特定问题并不总是一件容易的事，并且会影响研究结果及其解释。因此，随着可用动物模型数量的增加，重要的是要考虑这些模型在糖尿病研究的许多不同方面的潜在作用。本综述收集了目前使用的1型和2型糖尿病实验动物模型的信息，并评估了它们用于研究目的的优缺点，并详细说明了使用时应考虑的因素。（C） 2015 爱思唯尔公司保留所有权利。

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