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首页> 外文期刊>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group >Turbulent shear stresses in hydraulic jumps, bores and decelerating surges
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Turbulent shear stresses in hydraulic jumps, bores and decelerating surges

机译：水力跳跃，钻孔和减速浪涌中的湍流剪应力

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摘要

In an open channel, a sudden rise in water level induces a positive surge, or bore, that may develop as a hydraulic jump in translation. When the surge propagates against an adverse slope, it decelerates until it becomes a stationary hydraulic jump. Both hydraulic jumps and decelerating surges induce some intense turbulent mixing and have some major impact on the sediment transport in natural systems. Herein, a physical investigation was conducted in a relatively large rectangular channel. Hydraulic jumps and surges were generated by the rapid closure of a gate at the channel downstream end. The turbulent shear stresses were measured with high temporal and spatial resolution (200Hz sampling rate) in the jump flow. A comparison between the stationary hydraulic jump, hydraulic jump in translation and decelerating surge measurements showed some marked differences in terms of turbulent mixing. The results highlighted some intense mixing beneath the jump front and roller for all configurations. The levels of turbulent stresses were one to two orders of magnitude larger than a critical threshold for sediment motion. The findings provide some insights into the hydraulic jump migration processes in mobile bed channels, and the complex transformation from a moving jump into a stationary jump.
机译：在明渠中，水位突然升高会引起正向的喘振或打孔，这可能会随着水力跃迁而发展。当浪涌逆着逆坡传播时，它会减速直到变成稳定的水力跳跃。水力跃迁和减速浪涌都会引起强烈的湍流混合，并对自然系统中的泥沙输送产生重大影响。在此，在相对较大的矩形通道中进行了物理研究。通道下游端闸门的快速关闭产生了水力跃升和冲击。在跳跃流中以高时空分辨率（200Hz采样率）测量了湍流剪切应力。静态水力跃变，平移水力跃变和减速喘振测量值之间的比较显示，在湍流混合方面存在一些显着差异。结果表明，在所有配置下，跳跃前部和滚轮下方均发生了强烈的混合。湍流应力的水平比泥沙运动的临界阈值大一到两个数量级。这些发现为流动床通道中的水力跃迁过程以及从运动跃迁到静止跃迁的复杂转变提供了一些见识。

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