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Neuroscience of the yogic theory of consciousness

机译：瑜伽意识理论的神经科学

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Yoga as a practice and philosophy of life has been followed for more than 4500 years with known evidence of yogic practices in the Indus Valley Civilization. The last few decades have seen a resurgence in the utility of yoga and meditation as a practice with growing scientific evidence behind it. Significant scientific literature has been published, illustrating the benefits of yogic practices including 'asana', 'pranayama' and 'dhyana' on mental and physical well-being. Electrophysiological and recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have found explicit neural signatures for yogic practices. In this article, we present a review of the philosophy of yoga, based on the dualistic 'Sankhya' school, as applied to consciousness summarized by Patanjali in his yoga sutras followed by a discussion on the five 'vritti' (modulations of mind), the practice of 'pratyahara', 'dharana', 'dhyana', different states of 'samadhi', and 'samapatti'. We formulate the yogic theory of consciousness (YTC), a cohesive theory that can model both external modulations and internal states of the mind. We propose that attention, sleep and mind wandering should be understood as unique modulatory states of the mind. YTC allows us to model the external states, internal states of meditation, 'samadhi' and even the disorders of consciousness. Furthermore, we list some testable neuroscientific hypotheses that could be answered using YTC and analyse the benefits, outcomes and possible limitations.
机译：瑜伽作为一种实践和生活哲学已经遵循了 4500 多年，印度河流域文明中瑜伽练习的已知证据。在过去的几十年里，瑜伽和冥想作为一种练习的效用重新兴起，其背后有越来越多的科学证据。已经发表了重要的科学文献，说明了瑜伽练习（包括“体式”、“调息”和“禅修”）对身心健康的好处。电生理学和最近的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究发现了瑜伽练习的明确神经特征。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了瑜伽哲学，基于二元论的“Sankhya”学派，应用于帕坦伽利在他的瑜伽经中总结的意识，然后讨论了五种“vritti”（心的调节）、“pratyahara”、“dharana”、“dhyana”的练习、“三摩地”和“samapatti”的不同状态。我们制定了瑜伽意识理论（YTC），这是一种有凝聚力的理论，可以模拟心灵的外部调节和内部状态。我们建议，注意力、睡眠和走神应该被理解为心灵的独特调节状态。YTC允许我们模拟外部状态，冥想的内部状态，“三摩地”甚至意识障碍。此外，我们列出了一些可以使用 YTC 回答的可测试的神经科学假设，并分析了其益处、结果和可能的局限性。

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