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A Note on the Depiction and Analysis of Wave-Height Histograms

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An alternative to the conventional depiction of ranges of ocean wave heights as a frequency (percentage) histogram is to graph the actual numbers of observations using a logarithmic scale. This approach emphasizes the rare but most extreme measured wave heights, those of principal interest in engineering design and hazard assessments, and permits direct comparisons of the measured occurrences with the results of extreme-value analyses, projections of the wave heights having 25- to 100-year return intervals. Analyses of the changes in distributions of measured waves over the decades caused by Earth's evolving climate, particularly the shifts in the extremes to higher values, is also facilitated by this alternative depiction of the histograms. However, the use of the log scale warps the areas beneath the histograms by emphasizing the rare extreme waves, with the potential for misinterpretations as to the cause if this warping is not recognized.

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