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首页> 外文期刊>Ethology >Sex and Weapons: Contrasting Sexual Dimorphisms in Weaponry and Aggression in Snapping Shrimp
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Sex and Weapons: Contrasting Sexual Dimorphisms in Weaponry and Aggression in Snapping Shrimp

机译：性与武器：对比性两性在武器和侵略性对虾中。

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Sexual dimorphisms in weaponry and aggression are common in species in which one sex (usually males) competes for access to mates or resources necessary for reproduction - sexually dimorphic weaponry and aggression, in other words, are frequently the result of intrasexual selection. In snapping shrimp, the major chela (snapping claw) can be a deadly weapon, and males of many species have larger chelae than females, a pattern readily interpreted as resulting from intrasexual selection. Thus, males might be expected to show more sex-specific aggression than females, and be more aggressive overall. We tested these predictions in two species of snapping shrimp in a territorial defense context. Neither of these predictions was supported: in both species, females, but not males, engaged in sex-specific aggression and females were more aggressive than males overall. These contrasting sexual dimorphisms - larger weaponry in males but higher aggression in females - highlight the importance of considering the function of weaponry and aggression in contexts other than direct competitions over mates. In addition, species differences in the degree of sexual dimorphism in chela size were due to differences in female, not male, chela size, and the species with greater sexual dimorphism in weaponry was significantly less aggressive overall; also, while paired and solitary males did not differ in residual chela size, for the species with greater sexual dimorphism, females carrying embryos had smaller residual chela sizes. These results suggest that understanding the sexual dimorphisms in weaponry and aggression in snapping shrimp requires understanding the relative costs and benefits of both in females as well as males.
机译：武器和侵略性两性异性在一个性别（通常是男性）争夺获取繁殖所需的配偶或资源的物种中很常见-换句话说，性双态武器性和侵略性通常是性别选择的结果。在鳄梨中，主要的螯（抓爪）可能是致命的武器，许多物种的雄性比雌性具有更大的螯，这种模式很容易解释为是由性别选择造成的。因此，可能期望男性比女性表现出更多的针对性别的攻击，并且总体上更具攻击性。我们在领土防御环境中的两种鳄梨物种中测试了这些预测。这些预测都没有得到支持：在这两个物种中，雌性都参与了针对性别的侵略，而雄性则没有，而且雌性比雄性总体上更具侵略性。这些截然相反的性二态性-男性使用较大的武器，而女性使用较高的侵略性-突出了在与伴侣直接竞争以外的环境中考虑武器和侵略功能的重要性。此外，螯的大小不同的物种的差异是由于雌性而不是男性的螯的大小的差异，武器上具有较大性别差异的物种总体上没有那么好斗。同样，虽然成对的和单生的雄性的螯合大小没有差异，但对于具有更大性别差异的物种，携带胚胎的雌性的残余螯合大小较小。这些结果表明，要了解对虾的武器装备和侵略中的性别差异，需要了解雌性和雄性的相对成本和收益。

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