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首页> 外文期刊>European journal of gastroenterology and hepatology >Apoptosis in liver disease.
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Apoptosis in liver disease.

机译：肝脏疾病中的细胞凋亡。

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摘要

A variety of biological functions are regulated through extracellular signals. Amongst the best studied examples is growth control, which is achieved by the regulatory function of growth factors. In recent years it has become apparent that cell death (apoptosis) is controlled in a similar fashion.Apoptosis, firstly a morphologically defined process, is a highly controlled type of cell death that plays a critical role in embryonic development, deletion of autoreactive T-cells and adult tissue homoeostasis. There is increasing evidence that derangement of the apoptotic program is the underlying cause of a series of diseases including liver diseases. The deadly program can be initiated by ligand binding to membrane bound receptors such as CD95 (Fas), which is the most prominent cell death inducing member of the TNF receptor superfamily. The core of the subsequently activated intracellular machinery is formed by a set of proteases, namely caspases. Once activated, they orchestrate the complete destruction of the cellular skeleton leading to the typical apoptotic morphology.This review focuses on the underlying mechanism leading to derangement of the usually highly controlled apoptotic program in different liver diseases.
机译：通过细胞外信号调节多种生物学功能。在研究得最好的例子中，生长控制是通过生长因子的调节功能实现的。近年来，细胞死亡（细胞凋亡）的控制也很相似。凋亡，首先是形态学上定义的过程，是高度受控的细胞死亡类型，在胚胎发育，自身反应性T-的缺失中起着至关重要的作用。细胞和成人组织的稳态。越来越多的证据表明，凋亡程序的紊乱是包括肝脏疾病在内的一系列疾病的根本原因。致命的程序可以通过配体与膜结合受体（例如CD95（Fas））结合而启动，CD95（Fas）是TNF受体超家族中最突出的细胞死亡诱导成员。随后激活的细胞内机制的核心是由一组蛋白酶（即胱天蛋白酶）形成的。一旦被激活，它们会协调细胞骨架的完全破坏，从而导致典型的细胞凋亡形态。这篇综述着重于导致通常在各种肝脏疾病中高度受控的细胞凋亡程序发生紊乱的潜在机制。

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