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Recent advances in the diagnosis of acute aortic syndromes

机译：急性主动脉综合征的诊断新进展

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Introduction: Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is an acute lesion of the aortic wall involving the aortic media. In patients presenting with AAS, establishing a timely diagnosis is of paramount importance as mortality from AAS increases by 1 2% per hour. Acute aortic syndrome comprises a variety of pathologically distinct life-threatening conditions such as aortic dissection, intramural hematoma (IMH) of the aorta, penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), traumatic transection and symptomatic aortic aneurysm. Areas covered: The aim of this article was to review recent progress in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these syndromes. In the past few years, imaging techniques have increased our understanding of the natural history of these disease entities. Patients presenting with AAS require immediate diagnosis in order to rapidly initiate adequate therapeutic measures. Diagnostic imaging modalities that can be used for diagnosing this condition are transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TTE and TEE, respectively), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging and angiography in combination with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Expert opinion: Patients presenting with AAS require immediate diagnosis for rapid initiation of adequate therapeutic measures. The best method to correctly diagnose acute aortic dissection and its complications is complementary use of CTA, TEE and angiography in combination with IVUS to improve visualization of aortic syndromes and to guide aortic stent graft implantation.
机译：简介：急性主动脉综合征（AAS）是涉及主动脉介质的主动脉壁急性病变。对于患有AAS的患者，及时诊断是至关重要的，因为AAS的死亡率每小时增加1 2％。急性主动脉综合征包括各种在病理上不同的危及生命的疾病，例如主动脉夹层，主动脉壁内血肿（IMH），主动脉穿透性溃疡（PAU），创伤性横断和有症状的主动脉瘤。涵盖的领域：本文的目的是回顾这些综合征的诊断和治疗管理的最新进展。在过去的几年中，成像技术增加了我们对这些疾病实体自然史的理解。患有AAS的患者需要立即诊断，以便迅速采取适当的治疗措施。可用于诊断该病的诊断影像学方法是经胸和经食道超声心动图（分别为TTE和TEE），计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA），磁共振成像和血管造影结合血管内超声（IVUS）。专家意见：患有AAS的患者需要立即诊断以迅速采取适当的治疗措施。正确诊断急性主动脉夹层及其并发症的最佳方法是将CTA，TEE和血管造影与IVUS结合使用，以改善主动脉综合征的可视化并指导主动脉支架植入物的植入。

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