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首页> 外文期刊>Physical review, B. Condensed matter and materials physics >Response time of a normal-metal/superconductor hybrid system under a step-like pulse bias
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Response time of a normal-metal/superconductor hybrid system under a step-like pulse bias

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The response of a quantum dot coupled with one normal lead and a superconductor lead driven by a step-like pulse bias V-L is studied using the nonequilibrium Green's function method. In the linear pulse bias regime, the responses of the upward and downward biases are symmetric. In this regime, the turn-on time and turn-off time are much slower than those of the normal system due to the Andreev reflection. On the other hand, for the large pulse bias V-L, the instantaneous current exhibits oscillatory behaviors with the frequency h Omega=qV(L). The turn-on/off times are in (or shorter than) the scale of 1/V-L, so they are faster for the larger bias V-L. In addition, the responses for the upward and downward biases are asymmetric at large V-L. The turn-on time is larger than the turn-off time, but the relaxation time depends only on the coupling strength Gamma and it is much smaller than the turn-on/off times for the large bias V-L. The turn-on/off time describes how fast a device can turn on/off a current, which is also named rise/fall time in M. Plihal , Phys. Rev. B 61, R13341 (2000), while the relaxation time was referred to how fast the device can go to a new steady state after a bias is abruptly switched on. It is also named saturation time in A. Schiller and S. Hershfield, Phys. Rev. B 62, R16271 (2000).

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