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首页> 外文期刊>Geoderma: An International Journal of Soil Science >Phytoavailability of cadmium to cherry-red radish in soils applied composted chicken or pig manure
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Phytoavailability of cadmium to cherry-red radish in soils applied composted chicken or pig manure

机译：鸡粪或猪粪堆肥中镉对樱桃红萝卜的植物有效性

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The aim of this study was to assess phytoavailability of cadmium to crop in soils applied composted animal manures. In a greenhouse experiment cherry-red radish (Raphanus sativus) was grown in two soils applied with different levels of Cd with chickenmanure or pig manure compost, compared with those of Cd applied in metal salt. Phytoavailable Cd was determined as Cd concentration in radish leaf or root. Results indicated that phytoavailability of Cd applied through manure composts was significantly(P 0.001) less than the same rate of Cd amended with soluble CdCl2 suggesting the lower potential hazard of composted manure-applied Cd. Radish leaves had higher concentrations of Cd than the roots. Phytoavailability of applied Cd in acidic Ferralsolswas significantly (P 0.001) greater than that in Calcaric Cambisols. The risk of applied Cd from composted manures to radish was also assessed by bioconcentration factors (BCF values) and uptake coefficients (UCs). The relationships between Cd concentrations of plant and Cd loading rates could be expressed by quadratic equation and suggested that uptake of metals by radish plant become less efficient at higher Cd loadings. Sequential extraction scheme indicated that increasing rates of Cd applied through chicken or pig manure compost did not increase exchangeable fraction of Cd, but mainly increase its inorganic precipitated and residual fractions. The precipitated and/or residual fraction of Cd combined with soil pH could explain significantly 95% or 92% of the variation in phytoavailable Cd expressed as Cd content in radish leaves or roots when chicken manure compost was applied, and 88% or 84% of the variation in phytoavailable Cd when pig manure compost was applied. However, for soluble CdCl_2 amendment, the phytoavailable Cd in radish leaves or roots could be explained significantly (89% or 92%) by exchangeable Cd and soil pH. The results of this experiment point to the fact that the Cd source, loading rate, soil pH, and plant tissue are important factors in evaluation of Cd phytoavailability. Results also demonstrated the importance of solid-phase Cd fractions, EDTA fraction and/or HNO3 fraction, in predicting phytoavailability of Cd in soils applied manure compost.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估施用堆肥动物粪便的土壤中镉对作物的植物利用率。在温室试验中，樱桃红萝卜（Raphanus sativus）在两种鸡粪或猪粪堆肥中分别施用了不同水平的镉，而金属盐中施用了镉。确定植物有效镉为萝卜叶或根中的镉浓度。结果表明，通过肥料堆肥施用的镉的植物利用率显着（P <0.001）小于相同比例的可溶性CdCl2修正后的镉利用率，这表明堆肥施用镉的潜在危害性较低。萝卜叶的镉含量高于根。酸性Ferralsols中施用的Cd的植物利用率显着（P <0.001）大于Calcaric Cambisols。还通过生物浓缩因子（BCF值）和吸收系数（UCs）评估了从堆肥粪肥施用到萝卜中的镉的风险。植物的Cd浓度与Cd负载率之间的关系可以用二次方程式表示，这表明在较高的Cd负载下萝卜植物对金属的吸收效率降低。顺序提取方案表明，通过鸡粪或猪粪堆肥施用的镉的增加量不会增加镉的可交换分数，而主要是增加其无机沉淀和残留分数。 Cd的沉淀和/或残留分数与土壤pH值的关系可以解释为当施用鸡粪堆肥时，萝卜叶或根中Cd含量表示植物有效Cd的95％或92％，而88％或84％施用猪粪堆肥时植物有效镉的变化。然而，对于可溶性CdCl_2修饰物，萝卜叶或根中可利用的Cd可以通过可交换的Cd和土壤pH值得到显着解释（89％或92％）。实验结果表明，Cd的来源，负载率，土壤pH值和植物组织是评估Cd植物利用率的重要因素。结果还证明了固相Cd馏分，EDTA馏分和/或HNO3馏分在预测施用肥料堆肥的土壤中Cd的植物利用率方面的重要性。

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