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首页> 外文期刊>Geodinamica Acta >Extreme hydrological events in karst areas of Slovenia, the case of the Unica River basin
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Extreme hydrological events in karst areas of Slovenia, the case of the Unica River basin

机译：斯洛文尼亚喀斯特地区的极端水文事件，以尤尼卡河盆地为例

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The study presents natural hazards in Slovenia's karst, focusing on flooding in karst poljes. A specific study was done on the flood dynamics of two typical and connected karst poljes (Cerknica and Planina) of the Classical Karst region. In the case of particularly extreme hydrological conditions in the autumn of 2008, detailed analyses of the recharge-discharge regime and the interrelationship of flooding on the two poljes were done. Daily precipitation, discharge, and water level values from several monitoring sites were analyzed and cross-correlated, and additional hydrological analyses were done using a digital elevation model in order to acquire water level increase and decrease intensity, flood water volumes, and the extent of flooding and to understand the conditions controlling karst flooding. The results reveal that the hydrological functioning of the studied karst poljes is influenced by the hydrogeological and temporary hydrological conditions in the catchment area. The response of the binary karst system (i.e., the influence of autogenic and allogenic recharge) is especially distinct. The study shows that during extremely intense recharge, the reactions of karst aquifer systems to precipitation are as rapid as the response of surface waters (the water level of Cerknica Lake increased with an intensity of 38-63 cm/day or 55 m3/s respectively) while retention capacities are negligible. In contrast to flash floods, floods in karst areas may last from several weeks to several months. For the observed period a three-dimensional simulation of the flooding was made. At the maximum recorded water level, the volume of water on the Cerknica polje was 51 million m3, and 26 million m3 on the Planina polje. The maximum extent of flooding on the Cerknica polje was 23 km2 and on the Planina polje 9.5 km2. On the basis of the study, information was provided regarding future hazard mitigation. However, the study demonstrated that a sufficiently dense monitoring network is necessary to predict the occurrence and duration of floods with greater certainty.
机译：该研究提出了斯洛文尼亚喀斯特地貌的自然灾害，重点是喀斯特波列斯的洪水。对古典喀斯特地区的两个典型且相连的喀斯特地貌（切尔尼察和普兰纳）的洪水动力学进行了专门研究。在2008年秋季特别极端的水文条件下，对补给-排放方式以及两个poljes洪水之间的相互关系进行了详细分析。对多个监测点的每日降水，流量和水位值进行了分析和相互关联，并使用数字高程模型进行了附加的水文分析，以便获得水位的增加和减少强度，洪水量以及水位的范围。洪水并了解控制岩溶洪水的条件。结果表明，所研究的岩溶波杰斯的水文功能受到集水区水文地质条件和临时水文条件的影响。二元喀斯特系统的响应（即自生和异源补给的影响）特别明显。研究表明，在极强的补给过程中，岩溶含水层系统对降水的反应与地表水的响应一样快（Cerknica湖的水位分别以38-63 cm / day或55 m3 / s的强度增加。 ），而保留能力可以忽略不计。与山洪相比，喀斯特地区的洪灾可能持续数周至数月。在观察期内，对洪水进行了三维模拟。在记录的最高水位下，Cerknica polje的水量为5100万立方米，而Planina polje的水量为2600万立方米。 Cerknica polje的最大洪灾面积为23 km2，Planina polje的最大洪灾面积为9.5 km2。在研究的基础上，提供了有关减轻未来危害的信息。但是，研究表明，必须有足够密集的监视网络来更确定地预测洪水的发生和持续时间。

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