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Pollutant lead reveals the pre-Hellenistic occupation and ancient growth of Alexandria, Egypt

机译:污染物铅揭示了埃及亚历山大时代的前希腊化占领和古代发展

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It is generally accepted that Alexandria ad Aegyptum was founded ex nihilo in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, rapidly growing into one of antiquity's most opulent economic and intellectual centers. However, ancient texts by Strabo (17.1.6) and Pliny (NH 5.11.62) suggest the existence of a pre-Hellenistic settlement named Rhakotis. This literary evidence has fuelled contentious scholarly debate for decades. Here we present new geochemical data from Alexandria's ancient bay sediments, elucidating unequivocal proof for pollutant lead (Pb) input into the harbor during the Egyptian Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BC). A second contamination peak is detected during the Iron Age (1000-800 BC), at the end of the prosperous Ramesses reigns. These findings evidence thriving pre-Hellenistic settlements in Alexandria. During the Greek and Roman periods, we expound the largest Pb pollution ever encountered in ancient city sediments with Pb levels twice as high as those measured in contemporary industrialized estuaries.
机译:人们普遍认为,亚历山大大帝古埃及于公元前331年由亚历山大大帝(Alexander the Great)创立,并迅速发展成为古代最富裕的经济和知识中心之一。但是,斯特拉波(17.1.6)和普林尼(NH 5.11.62)的古代文献表明,存在希腊前殖民地,名叫Rhakotis。数十年来,这一文学证据激起了有争议的学术辩论。在这里,我们提供了来自亚历山大港古代海湾沉积物的新地球化学数据,阐明了在埃及古王国(公元前2686年至2181年)期间向港口输入的污染物铅(Pb)的明确证据。在铁器时代(公元前1000-800年),繁荣的拉美西斯王朝统治结束时,发现了第二个污染高峰。这些发现证明了亚历山大以前希腊化之前的繁荣发展。在希腊和罗马时期,我们阐述了古城沉积物中有史以来最大的Pb污染,其Pb含量是当代工业化河口中Pb含量的两倍。

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