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Reactive conducting polymers as actuating sensors and tactile muscles

机译：反应性导电聚合物作为致动传感器和触觉肌肉

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摘要

Films of conducting polymers when used as electrodes in an electrolytic solution oxidize and reduce under the flow of anodic and cathodic currents, respectively. The electrochemical reactions induce conformational movements of the chains, generation or destruction of free volume and interchange of ions and solvent with the electrolyte giving a gel that reacts, swells or shrinks. Electric pulses acting on reactive gels constituted by polymers, solvent and ions are the closest artificial materials to those that constitute actuating biological organs. The electrochemical reaction under the flow of a constant current promotes a progressive change of color, volume, porosity, stored charge and storage or release of ions. The reaction is kinetically controlled by the conformational movements or by the diffusion of counterions through the gel; it works under electrochemical equilibrium and defines, at any intermediate oxidation state, equilibrium potentials. Any variable ( mechanical, chemical, optical, magnetic, etc) acting on the equilibrium will induce a change in the working potential of any device, driven by a constant current, based on this reaction; actuating - sensing devices based on the electrochemical properties are expected. Artificial muscles able to sense pushed weights, electrolyte concentration or ambient temperature during actuation are described. The activation energy of the reaction includes structural information and allows the obtention of the conformational energy, the heart of both actuating and sensing properties.
机译：当用作电解质溶液中的电极时，导电聚合物薄膜会分别在阳极和阴极电流的作用下氧化并还原。电化学反应引起链的构象运动，自由体积的产生或破坏以及离子和溶剂与电解质的交换，产生反应，溶胀或收缩的凝胶。作用在由聚合物，溶剂和离子构成的反应性凝胶上的电脉冲是与构成致动生物器官的那些最接近的人造材料。在恒定电流下的电化学反应促进了颜色，体积，孔隙率，存储的电荷以及离子的存储或释放的逐渐变化。反应是通过构象运动或抗衡离子通过凝胶的扩散动力学控制的。它在电化学平衡下工作，并在任何中间氧化态下定义平衡电势。基于该反应，任何作用于平衡的变量（机械的，化学的，光学的，磁性的等）将在恒定电流的驱动下引起任何设备的工作电势变化;期望基于电化学性质的致动-传感装置。描述了在致动期间能够感测推重量，电解质浓度或环境温度的人造肌肉。反应的活化能包括结构信息，并允许获得构象能，既是致动性质又是传感性质的核心。

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