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首页> 外文期刊>Family planning perspectives >Why are US women not using long-acting contraceptives?
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Why are US women not using long-acting contraceptives?

机译：为什么美国妇女不使用长效避孕药？

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CONTEXT: Given the level of unintended pregnancy in the United States, it is somewhat surprising that hormonal implants and injectables-methods that are long-acting, reversible, highly effective and convenient--have not attained the popularity enjoyed by other medical methods. Knowing the reasons why women have so far spurned these methods might lead to the design and implementation of interventions and targeted social marketing to promote their use. METHODS: Data from the 1993 and 1995 rounds of the National Survey of Women are used to examine the reasons women gave for not having used the implant or injectables, whether they intended to use these methods and how their attitudes toward them may influence their decision to use such methods in the future. Logistic regression models were used to identify the social and demographic characteristics that influence women's decisions not to use these methods. RESULTS: Fewer than 2% of women who were at risk of an unintended pregnancy in 1995 were using the implant, and under 3% were using the injectable. Women gave three major reasons for not using either of these methods: lack of knowledge; fear of side effects or health hazards; and satisfaction with the method they were currently using. Age, education, marital status, parity and current contraceptive method strongly predicted fear of side effects, lack of knowledge and satisfaction with the current method as reasons for not using the implant or the injectable. For example, women aged 30 or older and those with a college education were half as likely as younger women and those with no college education to mention fear of side effects as their main reason for not using the implant. Likewise, single women, women with one or more children and those using a barrier method were 2-3 times as likely as married women, childless women and those using a medical method to attribute nonuse to the implant's side effects. Few women said they intended to use these methods in the next 12 months: 5% for the implant and 10% for the injectable. Single women, women with no college education, women with children, women wanting to have a child (or another child) and women with positive attitudes toward the effect of using an injectable were significantly more likely to say they intended to use the injectable. Nevertheless, substantial proportions of women reported quite negative attitudes about these methods. CONCLUSIONS: The low prevalence of use and the low level of use intention for the implant and for injectables raise questions about the promise for the future of these methods. Each method seems to appeal to certain subgroups of women, however. Thus, if proper interventions and social marketing are targeted to such groups, they may be disabused of misperceptions regarding these methods and possibly become more willing to try them.
机译：背景：鉴于美国意外怀孕的程度，长效，可逆，高效和方便的荷尔蒙植入物和注射方法未能获得其他医学方法的欢迎，这有点令人惊讶。知道到目前为止妇女拒绝使用这些方法的原因可能会导致干预措施的设计和实施以及针对性的社会营销以促进其使用。方法：使用1993年和1995年全国妇女调查的数据来调查妇女未使用植入物或注射剂的原因，是否打算使用这些方法以及她们对她们的态度如何影响她们做出的决定。将来使用此类方法。逻辑回归模型用于确定影响妇女不使用这些方法的决定的社会和人口特征。结果：在1995年有意外怀孕风险的妇女中，只有不到2％的人使用植入物，而不到3％的人使用注射剂。妇女给出了不使用这两种方法的三个主要原因：缺乏知识;担心副作用或健康危害;对他们当前使用的方法感到满意。年龄，教育程度，婚姻状况，同等和当前的避孕方法强烈预示了对副作用的恐惧，对当前方法的了解和不满意，这是不使用植入物或注射剂的原因。例如，年龄在30岁或以上的妇女以及受过大学教育的妇女是年轻妇女的一半，而没有受过大学教育的妇女则提到担心副作用是不使用植入物的主要原因。同样，单身妇女，有一个或多个孩子的妇女以及使用屏障方法的妇女的可能性是已婚妇女，无子女妇女和使用医学方法将不使用归因于植入物副作用的妇女的2-3倍。很少有女性表示打算在未来12个月内使用这些方法：5％的植入物和10％的注射剂。单身女性，没有大学学历的妇女，有孩子的妇女，想要生一个孩子（或另一个孩子）的妇女以及对使用注射剂的效果持积极态度的妇女，更有可能说他们打算使用注射剂。但是，仍有相当一部分妇女对这些方法持相当消极的态度。结论：植入物和注射剂的低使用率和低使用意图使人们对这些方法的未来前景产生疑问。但是，每种方法似乎都吸引某些女性群体。因此，如果针对此类人群进行适当的干预和社会营销，则可能会使他们对这些方法的误解消失，并且可能会更愿意尝试这些方法。

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