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首页> 外文期刊>Facies >Encrustation patterns on Late Cretaceous (Turonian) echinoids from southern Poland
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Encrustation patterns on Late Cretaceous (Turonian) echinoids from southern Poland

机译：波兰南部晚白垩世（突厥人）棘突的结壳模式

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摘要

This study focuses on sclerobionts from a large collection of epibenthic echinoids (>2,000 specimens) of the genera Conulus and Camerogalerus. Samples were collected from five localities in southern Poland (Polish Jura and Miechów Trough), where Turonian carbonates with terrigenous input are exposed. Low intensity (mean ca. 5 %, maximum ca. 10 %) and slight encrustation ("loosening effect") exclusively by episkeletozoans probably resulted from low productivity of encrusters while the importance of other factors cannot be excluded unambiguously. Echinoids served as a main substratum and after death formed shellgrounds ('echinoid carpet') offering abundant benthic islands for encrusters in an otherwise soft-bottom environment. The moderate abundance but low-diversity assemblage is represented by bivalves, sedentary polychaetes, foraminifera, bryozoans, corals, and sponges. This assemblage is similar to a nearly contemporaneous assemblage from the Bohemian Basin. The presence of numerous spirorbins offers insights into their early evolution and may indicate that their first peak in abundance after origination was not prior to the earliest Turonian. This is regarded as one of the important ecological steps towards the rise of modern sclerobiont communities. Encruster diversities are independent of their abundance and, as shown in our novel planar projections, lateral parts of tests were preferentially encrusted. This pattern is explained by the combination of largest flat area and stable orientation. Encrusting bivalves and serpulids dominated hard substrate environments in the Turonian of Poland.
机译：这项研究的重点是从Conulus和Camerogalerus属的大量表皮类棘突类动物（> 2,000个标本）中收集的硬化菌。样品是从波兰南部的五个地方（波兰朱拉和Miechów槽）收集的，那里暴露了具有陆源输入的土伦碳酸盐。壳虫的低强度（平均约5％，最大约10％）和轻微结壳（“松动效应”）可能是由于结壳生产率低而引起的，而其他因素的重要性则不能被明确地排除。棘突类动物是主要的基质，死后形成贝壳状地面（“棘突类动物地毯”），在软底环境下，它们为底壳提供了丰富的底栖岛。中等丰度但多样性低的组合以双壳类，久坐的多毛类，有孔虫，苔藓，珊瑚和海绵为代表。这种组合类似于波希米亚盆地的近代组合。大量螺旋藻的存在为它们的早期进化提供了见识，并可能表明它们起源后最早的丰度峰值并不是最早的土伦时期。这被视为迈向现代书生社区的重要生态步骤之一。包壳的多样性与它们的丰度无关，正如我们新颖的平面投影所示，测试的侧面部分被优先包壳。通过最大的平面面积和稳定的方向相结合来解释这种模式。包壳的双壳类和蛇形类动物在波兰的土伦语中占主导地位。

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