Polybromodiphenyl Ether Flame Retardants in Fish from Lakes in European High Mountains and Greenland

Ingrid Vives; Joan O.Grimalt; Silvia LacorteMiriam GuillamonDamia Barcelo

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Polybromodiphenyl Ether Flame Retardants in Fish from Lakes in European High Mountains and Greenland

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Individual polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in liver and muscle tissue of trout from 11 high mountain lakes in Europe and one in Greenland.Trouts in these lakes brown trout (Salmo trutta),brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) are important sentinel species because they are located in the top of the food chain and pollution can only reach these ecosystems by atmospheric transport.The major PBDE congeners were BDE 47 and BDE 99,followed by BDE 100,BDE 153,BDE 154,and BDE 28.These compounds were found in all the samples examined.Their average concentrations 110-1300 and 69-730 pg g(~~1) wet weight (ww) in liver and muscle or 2400-40 000 and 2900-41 000 pg g~(~1) lipid weight (Iw),respectively were in the lower range when compared with those of fish from other less remote locations.The highest levels of PBDEs in liver and muscle are found in Lochnagar,Scotland: 11 000 and 1200 pg g~(-1) ww,respectively (366 000 and 177 000 pg g~(-1) Iw,respectively).Male specimens exhibited higher PBDE concentrations in liver than female.The concentrations of most PBDEs in liver were correlated with fish age (p < 0.01) and,inversely,with condition factor (p < 0.01).Muscle PBDE concentrations did not correlate with age,and only some congeners showed significant positive correlations with condition factor (p < 0.05).The main differences between species were found in the accumulation of the more abundant PBDEs,brook trout showing the highest concentrations in muscle and the lowest in liver.No correlation between the occurrence of these compounds in high mountain fish and altitude,latitude,or temperature was observed.This fact and the lack of correlation between muscle concentrations and age suggest that the fluxes of PBDEs arriving at high mountain lakes are still not constant.In view of the present use of these compounds,they are probably increasing.

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《Environmental Science & Technology: ES&T》 |2004年第8期|2338-2344|共7页
作者
Ingrid Vives; Joan O.Grimalt; Silvia LacorteMiriam GuillamonDamia Barcelo;
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作者单位

Department of Environmental Chemistry (I.I.Q.A.B.-C.S.I.C.),Jordi Girona 18.08034-Barcelona,Catalonia,Spain;

Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA).P.O.Box 173,Kjelsaas,0411 Oslo,Norway,and Institute for Biology and Nature Conservation,The Agricultural University of Norway (NLH),1432 As,Norway;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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正文语种英语
中图分类环境化学;
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Polybromodiphenyl Ether Flame Retardants in Fish from Lakes in European High Mountains and Greenland

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