• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Flower & Garden >Birding at the rock
【24h】

Birding at the rock

机译：在岩石上观鸟

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Once an infamous penitentiary housing the likes of mobsters Al Capone and Machine Gun Kelly, Alcatraz Island now hosts scores of nesting seabirds. In a delightful twist of fate, Alcatraz Island, once home of the infamous Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, is being taken over by large colonies of birds. Visitors' spirits will be uplifted when they see the contrast between the empty cells and crumbling walls of the old penitentiary and the vigorous seabird colonies. Before this bird renaissance, the island had a gloomy air, as you might expect in a place that for decades housed the nation's most desperate criminals. But even before the penitentiary was built, this island was a forbidding presence in the San Francisco Bay. In 1775, Don Juan Manuel de Ayala, a lieutenant in the Spanish navy, bestowed the name of Isla de los Alcatraces, or "Island of the Pelicans," upon a nearby island, now called Yerba Buena Island. He was inspired to give it this name because it appeared to be completely covered with pelicans, but he did not attempt to land at either island, because they looked bleak and offered no shelter for his the narrow entrance to San Francisco Bay. A short time later, the island became a military fort with massive fortifications and more than 100 cannons, guarding the bay from 1859-to- 1907. Concurrently, Alcatraz was used as a military prison, housing a variety of Confederate sympathizers, unruly soldiers, and suspected spies. Its use as a military prison lasted right up through 1933. And then, on January 1, 1934--in response to the crime wave that swept America during the Prohibition Era--Alcatraz became the nation's first maximum security prison, a place where only the most dangerous, incorrigible criminals were held. During the 29 years itwas in operation, Alcatraz held an average of 264 inmates at a time. The prison has been referred to as America's Devil's Island or, by the inmates, as "Hellcatraz." But another nickname, "The Rock," was probably most apt, because the island used to consist only of rocks rising 130 feet above the sea, bare of any vegetation and lacking a source of fresh water. Exposed to almost continual winds and fog, the temperature was uncomfortably cold most of the time.
机译：恶魔岛曾经是臭名昭著的监狱，像流氓Al Capone和Machine Gun Kelly这样的监狱，现在拥有数十只筑巢的海鸟。命运的转折令人欣喜，曾经臭名昭著的恶魔岛联邦监狱的故乡恶魔岛正被大批鸟类接管。当参观者看到空旷的牢房与古老的监狱和生机勃勃的海鸟殖民地的倒塌墙之间的反差时，他们的精神就会振作起来。如您所料，在鸟类复兴之前，岛上空气阴沉，数十年来，这里一直是美国最绝望的罪犯的住所。但是，即使在建立监狱之前，这个岛屿在旧金山湾还是令人难以置信的。 1775年，西班牙海军中尉唐·胡安·曼努埃尔·德·阿亚拉（Don Juan Manuel de Ayala）在附近一个小岛（现称耶尔巴·布埃纳岛）上授予了伊斯拉·德·洛斯·阿尔卡斯特拉斯（Isla de los Alcatraces）的称号。他被启发给它起这个名字，是因为它似乎被鹈鹕完全覆盖了，但是他没有试图降落在任何一个岛上，因为它们看上去很暗淡，没有为他狭窄的旧金山湾入口提供住所。不久后，该岛成为军事堡垒，拥有大量防御工事，并拥有100多门大炮，从1859年至1907年一直守卫着海湾。同时，恶魔岛被用作军事监狱，里面容纳着各种同盟者，不守规矩的士兵，和涉嫌间谍。它作为军事监狱的使用一直持续到1933年。然后，在1934年1月1日，为了响应在禁酒时代席卷美国的犯罪浪潮，恶魔岛成为美国第一座最大的安全监狱，最危险，最不可救药的罪犯被关押。在运作的29年中，恶魔岛一次平均容纳264名囚犯。监狱被称为美国的魔鬼岛，或被囚犯称为“地狱恶魔”。但是另一个昵称“岩石”可能是最合适的，因为该岛过去只由海拔130英尺的岩石组成，没有任何植被，也缺少淡水。暴露于几乎持续的风和雾中，大多数时候温度都令人感到寒冷。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号