Seismic inversion tools designed to estimate impedance have been available to geophysicists for over 20 years. Most of the available methods are based on forward convolution of a reflectivity model with the estimated wavelet, comparison of the modelled output with the observed seismic trace and then updating the reflectivity model (inverting) to minimize the difference between the modelled and observed traces. Whether generalized linear inversion, sparse spike, or simulated annealing, all the algorithms work on this basic principle of minimization. Methods based on minimization are commonly referred to as 'deterministic'. The output of a deterministic inversion is a relatively smooth (or blocky) estimate of the impedance.
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