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首页> 外文期刊>Forestry >Influence of nurse birch and Scots pine seedlings on early aerial development of European beech seedlings in an open-field plantation of Central France
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Influence of nurse birch and Scots pine seedlings on early aerial development of European beech seedlings in an open-field plantation of Central France

机译：桦木和苏格兰松树幼苗对法国中部空地人工林欧洲山毛榉幼苗早期空中发育的影响

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Beech woodland can be restored by direct planting of beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings in abandoned areas, but this method is generally avoided in forestry because of the growth difficulties of beech in full-light conditions. This study tested a method that consists of planting beech seedlings in full-light conditions with silver birch (Betula pendula) or Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) as nurse trees. A total of 65 two-year-old beech seedlings surrounded by either 3, 4, 5 or 6 pine or birch seedlings or without competitors were planted in bare-soil open-field conditions in Central France. Tree growth and light availability were monitored at the end of each of the following 3 years, and soil moisture was also measured the last year. At the end of the experiment, aerial biomass measurements were made on the beeches. Results showed that relative beech growth in terms of diameter was significantly reduced by the local neighbouring trees and that this reduction was particularly noticeable in the pine treatments where there was extensive pine seedling development. In contrast, relative beech height did not exhibit any significant variations among the treatments. Light availability was decreased by the neighbouring trees, especially in the pine treatments. Light reduction was more pronounced in the last 2 years and in the middle or lower parts of the canopy of the subject beech. Soil water content was lower under the pine canopies than under the birch canopies, and was positively correlated to beech relative diameter growth. Specific leaf area, height-to-diameter ratio and crown length-to-crown width ratio weakly but significantly increased with competition from the neighbours. Beech biomass partitioning was only weakly affected by the treatments. This study showed that nurse trees tend to reduce beech growth but improve form although effects remained weak due to the insufficient length of the experiment. Further studies are also needed to quantify the effects of the neighbourhood on the growth of competitive herbaceous vegetation and on changes in the microclimatic conditions..
机译：可以通过在荒漠地区直接种植山毛榉（Fagus sylvatica）幼苗来恢复山毛榉林地，但是由于在全光照条件下山毛榉的生长困难，因此通常在林业中避免使用这种方法。这项研究测试了一种方法，该方法包括在全光照条件下种植山毛榉幼苗，并以桦木（Betula pendula）或苏格兰松树（Pinus sylvestris）作为护木。在法国中部，在裸露的土壤田间条件下，总共种植了65棵两岁的山毛榉幼苗，被3，4，5或6棵松树或桦树幼苗或没有竞争者的植物所包围。在接下来的三年中的每一年末，对树木的生长和光的可用性进行监测，并在最后一年对土壤湿度进行了测量。实验结束时，对山毛榉进行了空中生物量测量。结果表明，当地山毛榉的相对山毛榉直径明显减少，并且这种减少在松树育苗中特别明显，松树育苗有大量的幼苗生长。相反，在处理之间，相对山毛榉的高度没有表现出任何明显的变化。邻近树木降低了光的利用率，尤其是在松树处理中。在过去的两年中以及在对象山毛榉树冠的中部或下部，减光效果更为明显。松树冠层下的土壤水分含量低于桦木冠层下的水分含量，并且与山毛榉相对直径的增长呈正相关。比叶面积，高径比和冠长与冠宽之比较弱，但随着邻居的竞争而显着增加。山毛榉生物量的分配仅受处理的影响很小。这项研究表明，由于实验时间不够长，尽管效果仍然很弱，但nurse树倾向于减少山毛榉的生长，但改善了形态。还需要进一步的研究来量化邻域对竞争性草本植物生长和微气候条件变化的影响。

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