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Heliumhyphen;temperature beam source of atomic hydrogen

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We describe a technique for producing a highhyphen;flux beam of atomic hydrogen with a velocity distribution corresponding to liquidhyphen;helium temperatures. We have studied how a gas of hydrogen atoms (H) may be cooled to low temperatures through interaction with cold walls. The gas was analyzed by forming an atomic beam. We obtained fluxes fgr;Hsime;2.4times;1016atoms/s atTsime;8 K, which corresponds to an increase in flux of lowhyphen;velocity atoms by a factor of 20 over that of the same source operated at room temperature. The degree of dissociation and the translational temperature of the gas were determined using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and timehyphen;ofhyphen;flight techniques. A beam modulation technique advantageous for such a system is discussed and analyzed. General design considerations for the transport and cooling of H are presented and illustrated with examples. The methods of data analyses are discussed in detail.

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