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Strawberry

机译：草莓

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The cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa Duch. is the most important berry fruit crop worldwide. Approximately 4.1 Million metric tonnes are produced worldwide each year. Strawberries are cultivated in more than 70 countries worldwide and the standards required for success in a new strawberry cultivar have changed substantially during the past 50 years. Market requirements and cultural practices have shifted the relative importance of different traits and the main objectives of international breeding programs vary according to the environmental conditions of cultivation, the production systems in this area, and the utilization of fruit. In addition to yield capacity and fruit quality resistance to important pests, pathogens and abiotic stress conditions became more and more important. Particular attention is paid to the improvement of resistance to Verticillium wilt, black root rot disease, red stele, anthracnose and grey mould disease for example. However, classical breeding is still hamperedby the lack of effective selection strategies which allow a screening of thousands of seedlings within a few weeks or months. Molecular markers which can help to overcome this problem are only available for a handful of traits. Nevertheless, the numberof molecular studies is increasing and the first genome sequence of the diploid wild strawberry Fragaria vesca is available. This and the high number of favourable features have lead to the fact that F. vesca has emerged as an attractive model system forstructural and functional genomics within the Rosaceous crops. With the publication of the first linkage studies in octoploid strawberry a milestone has been reached to take classical strawberry breeding to a new level. The availability of DNA markers linked to QTLs as well as cloning of individual genes which significantly contribute to complex traits will be very helpful for breeders to select for a specific introgression of interest.
机译：栽培草莓草莓（Fragaria x ananassa Duch）。是世界上最重要的浆果类作物。全世界每年生产约410万吨。草莓在全球70多个国家/地区种植，在过去的50年中，成功种植新草莓品种所需的标准发生了很大变化。市场需求和文化习俗已经改变了不同性状的相对重要性，国际育种计划的主要目标因种植环境条件，该地区的生产系统和水果利用而异。除了对重要害虫的产量和果实品质的抵抗力外，病原体和非生物胁迫条件也变得越来越重要。例如，特别注意提高对黄萎病，黑根腐病，红色石碑，炭疽病和灰霉病的抵抗力。但是，由于缺乏有效的选择策略，传统的育种仍然受到阻碍，这些策略无法在几周或几个月内筛选成千上万的幼苗。可以帮助克服这一问题的分子标记仅适用于少数几个性状。然而，分子研究的数量正在增加，并且可获得二倍体野草莓草莓属的第一基因组序列。这种和大量的有利特征已经导致事实，即vesca F. vesca已经成为蔷薇科作物中结构和功能基因组学的有吸引力的模型系统。随着八倍体草莓的首次连锁研究的发表，已经达到了一个里程碑，将经典草莓育种提高到了一个新水平。与QTL连接的DNA标记的可用性以及对复杂性状有显着贡献的单个基因的克隆对于育种者选择感兴趣的特定基因渗入非常有帮助。

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