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首页> 外文期刊>Fungal Biology Reviews >Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and frontiers
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Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and frontiers

机译：了解叶内生真菌的多样性：进展，挑战和前沿

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Fungal endophytes, a diverse group of primarily ascomycetous fungi denned functionallyby their occurrence within asymptomatic photosynthetic tissues of plants, occur in all major lineages of land plants and in natural and anthropogenic communities ranging from thearctic to the tropics. Because of the tremendous diversity they encompass, ecological questions regarding the interactions of endophytes with the plants in which they live - and withother organisms that in turn interact with endophyte-plants symbiota - are difficalt toaddress. The goals of this review are to highlight progress, challenges, and frontiers inthe study of foliar endophyte diversity, with the ultimate goal of encouraging researchthat both bridges the gap between, and advances, research in alpha taxonomy and ecology.I focus on four themes that are reflected in the recent and rapidly expanding literature regarding endophyte biology: (1) the taxonomic and ecological distinctiveness of endophytesrelative to other nonpathogenic plant-associated fungi; (2) the insights that can be gainedfrom studies that consider genotypes as the relevant unit of biological organization, especially in the context of traditional species-level taxonomy and robust phylogeneticmethods that tie these genotypes and species together in an explicit evolutionary context;(3) the context-dependency of endophyte communities, highlighting the importance ofboth the identify of host plants and the geographic location in which plants occur; and(4) the complexity of the endophyte-pathogen-saprotroph continuum, and the challegesand exciting frontiers that lie in understanding the evolutionary relationships and ecological lability of fungi that exhibit these ecological modes. I argue that never before has thestudy of endophytic fungi been more exciting or more tractable, and that the potential forendophyte researchers to inform diverse areas of biology has never been greater.
机译：真菌内生菌是多种多样的主要为子囊性真菌，通过它们在植物的无症状光合组织中的存在进行功能上的鉴定，它存在于陆地植物的所有主要谱系以及从北极到热带的自然和人为群落中。由于它们所包含的巨大多样性，关于内生菌与它们所生活的植物以及与继而与内生植物共生体相互作用的其他生物之间相互作用的生态问题很难解决。这篇综述的目的是突出叶内生植物多样性研究的进展，挑战和前沿，其最终目的是鼓励研究能够弥合阿尔法分类学和生态学研究之间的差距和进展。我着重研究以下四个主题在有关内生菌生物学的最新和迅速发展的文献中得到了反映：（1）内生菌相对于其他非病原性植物相关真菌的分类学和生态学特征; （2）从将基因型视为生物组织的相关单位的研究中可以获得的见解，特别是在传统物种级别的分类学和将这些基因型和物种在明确的进化环境中联系在一起的稳健的系统发育方法的背景下;（3）内生植物群落的背景依赖性，突出了确定寄主植物和植物所处地理位置的重要性; （4）内生-病原-腐生生物连续体的复杂性，挑战和激动人心的前沿在于理解表现出这些生态模式的真菌的进化关系和生态不稳定性。我认为，内生真菌的研究从未像现在这样令人兴奋或易于处理，而且内生真菌研究人员为生物学的各个领域提供信息的潜力从未如此强大。

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